青島希尼爾翻譯公司（theheretical.com）整理發(fā)布2015-11-12

希尼爾翻譯公司（theheretical.com）2015年11月12日了解到：中國最新制定的關(guān)于私家車呼叫服務的條款嚴重打擊了滴滴,快滴和優(yōu)步等公司。舊草案要求打的服務像傳統(tǒng)出租車公司一樣運行，該法案已經(jīng)違反了法律并引起了公共行政機關(guān)專家的反對。他們呼吁對于這些軟件和整體分享的利益有一個更開放的態(tài)度。China’s latest draft regulations on private car-hailing services may seriously harm companies such as Didi Kuaidi and Uber. The conservative draft, which requires car-hailing services to operate more like traditional taxi companies, has drawn opposition from legal and public administration experts. They have called for a more open attitude to these apps and the sharing economy in general.

Winter might be coming for car-hailing apps in China - if recent draft regulations on private car-hailing services put forward by China’s transport authorities become a reality.

如果最近起草的由中國交通局提出的關(guān)于私家車呼叫服務法案通過的話，冬天將迎來打的高峰期。

Despite vocal objections from experts, industry insiders and the public, the Ministry of Transport said those who support the new regulations outnumber those who object, according to its latest analysis of all the comments it has received in the past month.

盡管有來自于專家，業(yè)內(nèi)人士和公眾的反對，交通運輸部表示，根據(jù)上個月收到的評論的最新分析，支持的人遠超過反對的人。

The draft regulations have been open for public consultation since October 10, and experts, car-hailing companies and government officials have engaged in discussions over whether they will help regulate an industry that has long lacked clear legal standing, or nip an innovative industry in the bud.

草案自10月10日開始公開征詢公眾意見，專家人士，打的公司，政府官員都參與討論是否他們會幫助調(diào)節(jié)這一行業(yè)一直缺乏明確的法律規(guī)定,或是否應將創(chuàng)新型行業(yè)扼殺在萌芽狀態(tài)。

At the center of the debate is a conflict between a traditional, State run system and a more self-reliant, decentralized Internet-enabled system. Most experts believe that the current draft, favoring the traditional taxi industry model, will land a severe blow on Didi Kuaidi and Uber, whose major source of service providers have been private cars and private car owners.

辯論的中心是關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)的國內(nèi)運行系統(tǒng)與更獨立，分散的網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)之間的沖突。大多數(shù)專家認為,目前的草案支持的是傳統(tǒng)的出租車行業(yè)模型,這將嚴重打擊滴滴，快滴,優(yōu)步，這些公司服務提供商的主要來源是私家車和私人車主。

Take the wheel

駕駛

Car-hailing services currently occupy a grey legal area in China.

打的服務目前占據(jù)中國法律的灰色地帶

Although private taxis are technically illegal in China, they generally find it easy to operate despite occasional crackdowns from local governments.

在中國私家車作為出租車是非法的，盡管偶爾遭受地方政府的打擊，但他們一般都很容易操作。

The draft, if passed, will likely force such services to act more like traditional taxi companies - firms like Didi Kuaidi and Uber, will need to acquire licenses, sign employment contracts with drivers, register and set up offices in all the areas where their services are provided - which will significantly add their operating costs. They will also have to hand over their ability to set prices to local governments.

如果草案通過，它將可能迫使這些服務公司表現(xiàn)得更類似于傳統(tǒng)的出租車公司。像嘀嘀，快滴，優(yōu)步等公司將需要獲得許可證，與司機簽訂勞動合同，登記以及在服務區(qū)設(shè)立辦事處。這都將大大增加他們的運營成本。他們還將必須把定價的權(quán)利移交給政府。

Drivers, on the other hand, will have to take government-organized tests. They will also need to register their cars as vehicles for hire. Under China’s laws, this means their cars will have to leave the road after eight years of service. This will likely scare private car owners away from the car-hailing business as it significantly shortens their car’s lifespan.

另一方面，司機將必須參加政府組織的測試。他們還需要將車登記為租用車輛。根據(jù)中國的法律，這意味著八年服務期之后他們的汽車將報廢。這有可能會嚇到私家車車主，因為打的產(chǎn)業(yè)明顯會縮短汽車壽命。

To obtain the qualification, drivers need to take two exams. One on driving principles and practical abilities, each lasting an hour. The latter exam involves car safety inspections and emergency rescue skills, among others.

為了獲得資格證，司機需要參加兩場考試。一個是駕駛原理和實踐能力考試，持續(xù)一個小時。另一個是汽車安全檢查和緊急救援技能考試。

"The authorities are still using an old mindset, that taxis are taxis and private cars are private cars, erecting a huge barrier between the two. Any private car has to obtain a taxi license before they can be hired," Zhou Qiren, Dean of the National School of Development of Peking University, told Caixin Weekly.

周奇仁，北京大學國家發(fā)展研究院院長，告訴財新周刊，官方仍在使用一種舊的思維模式，即出租車是出租車，私家車是私家車，兩者之間存在一個巨大的屏障。任何私家車出租之前必須獲得出租車牌照。

The regulations came just two days after Shanghai, long considered a pioneer in China’s economic reforms, became the first city in China to give legal status to a car-hailing company. It issued a license to Didi Kuaidi, the leading car-hailing company in China, on October 8.

該草案出臺僅僅2天，上海，一直以來被看作是中國經(jīng)濟改革的先鋒，成為了第一個給予出租車呼叫公司合法地位的城市。10月8號，作為中國打的公司的領(lǐng)軍品牌，滴滴快的獲得了許可證。

Didi Kuaidi said in an announcement at the time that it was also in talks with other city governments about getting licenses, and other car-hailing companies said that they were in talks with the Shanghai government about the possibility of receiving a license. This raised the possibility that car-hailing services might soon see an expansion in China as more cities follow suit and legalize them.

同時，滴滴宣布正在與其他城市的政府談判獲得許可證事項。其他打的公司表示，他們在與上海政府談判關(guān)于獲得許可證的可能性。隨著更多的城市效仿和它們的合法化，打的服務可能很快就會看到其在中國的擴大。

But the Ministry of Transport draft has put an end to this possibility. Sun Jianping, a Shanghai traffic official, later said that the city will strictly follow national guidelines, but will enact more liberal measures in areas where the local government has authority to do so. This means that Shanghai will suspend its current plan for car-hailing apps until the national guidelines are officially decided.

然而交通運輸部的法案否定了這一可能。蘇建平，上海交通官員之后表示，城市將嚴格遵循國家的指導方針，但在地方政府有權(quán)這樣做的地方，將制定更寬松的措施。這意味著上海將暫停當前汽車呼叫應用計劃，直到國家指導方針正式確定。

Road rage

公路暴力

Didi Kuaidi tactfully expressed its disapproval of the guidelines through a polite public response. In three bullet points, it argued that the government should leave more room for part-time drivers and cars, which make up 75 percent of the drivers registered on Didi Kuaidi. Taking less than four trips a day on average, they are the driving force behind the growth of car-hailing services, it said.

滴滴快的通過一個禮貌的公開回應婉轉(zhuǎn)地表達了對于該政策的反對。在三個方面，它認為政府應該給予兼職司機和汽車更多的空間，這些構(gòu)成了滴滴注冊司機的75%。他們平均每天載客四次以內(nèi)，是汽車呼叫服務增長背后的驅(qū)動力，它說到。

"It is them who have made it easier to hail cabs. If the cars need to register as vehicles for hire and part-time drivers must take qualification tests, most drivers, along with their cars, will likely quit our platform, and it will be once again difficult for people to call a cab," the company said.

公司說，“他們的存在使得人們更容易呼叫計程車。如果汽車作為租用車需要登記注冊且兼職司機必須參加資格考試的話，大多數(shù)司機和車輛，可能會退出我們的平臺，人們呼叫計程車將再次變得困難?！?span id="4ypyh4g" class="style43">

With investors including the China Investment Corporation - China’s sovereign wealth fund - and Alibaba, Didi Kuaidi is considered to have the biggest say in China’s taxi hailing app market, compared with other smaller or foreign players. Other companies are more discreet.

投資者們，包括中國國家投資公司—中國的主權(quán)財富基金和阿里巴巴認為，與其他小公司和外國公司相比，滴滴在中國打車APP市場最具有發(fā)言權(quán)，其他公司較為差之。

Liu Zhen, who oversees US-based Uber’s China strategy, told thepaper.cn earlier that she has no objection to the guidelines. "In our operations in over 350 cities worldwide, we have more or less faced the same questions of our business preceding policymaking, and how the two should adapt to each other," she said, adding that the company has handed its comments to the Ministry of Transport.

劉真，監(jiān)督了美國的優(yōu)步在中國的戰(zhàn)略，他早前告訴報社，他不反對這項政策。在全球超過350個城市的運營中，我們或多或少都面臨著業(yè)務前的政策制定，以及兩家公司的業(yè)務是如何適應的類似問題?！彼f，公司已經(jīng)把意見遞交給了交通運輸部。

Among the dozens of guidelines laid out in the draft, the ones that require private cars to be registered as taxis came under attack the most from experts. "The regulation has nothing to do with the sharing economy that is embraced by car-hailing services, because it forbids private cars to be shared, and copies the old system in which the government used to manage taxis," Wang Jun, associate professor at the China University of Political Science and Law, told Caixin Weekly.Wang is one of 12 more liberal experts in law, public administration and urban planning who signed an open letter last month objecting to the regulations. The letter said there are several major flaws in the guidelines and they should not be approved.

王俊，中國政法大學的副教授，告訴財新周刊，在草案中規(guī)定的幾十個準則中，那些要求私家車登記為出租車的制度受到了來自專家的攻擊。該制度與打車服務帶來的分享經(jīng)濟并無關(guān)系，因為它禁止私家車分享與模仿政府用于管理出租車的舊制度。王先生是在法律，公共管理和城市規(guī)劃方面的12位自由專家之一，他上月簽署了一封反對該制度的公開信。信中說，在該制度中有幾個不應該被批準的主要缺陷。

"No one will share their new, good cars if they need to be discarded in eight years, and this means car-hailing companies will not be able to provide better cars and services," an industry insider told Caixin Weekly. Cities like Nanjing and Harbin have all previously launched high-end taxis, but these projects have mostly failed due to high operating costs and the fixed 8-year lifespan for cabs that makes it even more difficult for the earnings to cover the costs.The requirement for car-hailing companies to set up offices in every city or county where they operate was also considered absurd by the 12 experts. "Considering they are Internet-based, car-hailing platforms are naturally open to the entire nation. … It’s hard to imagine taobao.com or JD.com being required to set up branches in every county or city where their products are sent to," the letter read.

一位業(yè)內(nèi)人士告訴財新周刊，如果八年之后車將會廢棄的話，沒有人愿意分享他們的新車，這意味著打車公司將無法提供更好的汽車和服務?！背鞘?，像南京和哈爾濱，都曾推出高檔出租車，但這些項目大多由于高昂的經(jīng)營成本和固定8年壽命而失敗。這也使得覆蓋成本來獲取收益更加困難。專家認為，要求打車公司在他們運營的每一個城市或縣設(shè)立辦事處，簡直是荒唐的。信中提到，“考慮到他們都是基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，打車平臺自然應該開放給整個國家……。很難想象要求淘寶或京東在他們的產(chǎn)品送到的每一個縣或市設(shè)立分支機構(gòu)。

"The guidelines ... have a strong inclination to favor the interests of the ministry," according to the letter, referring to the apparent pro-taxi bias. The letter also said the Ministry of Transport should not be the only ministry to draft car-hailing regulations, but should work with telecommunications, public security, commerce and banking authorities, among others.

“該政策很大程度上傾向于支持該部的利益。”信中所說，指的是明顯的專車偏見。信中還說，交通運輸部不應是起草打車法規(guī)的唯一部門，應與電信，公安，商業(yè)和銀行業(yè)務部門一起參與。

Zhang Xiaoyu, associate law professor at the Chinese Academy of Governance, said in a public post,"We need to reflect on our backward management of traditional taxis, instead of putting shackles on an emerging industry and turning them into traditional taxis. This isn’t fair play." In its public comment, Didi Kuaidi also expressed its wish for the central government to offer local governments room to explore their own management of Internet car-hailing services, citing the Shanghai model as a practical and open-minded example. "We hope the revised regulations could follow and promote the momentum of China’s sharing economy," it said.

張曉雨，中國治理學會法律教授，在一次公共演講時說，“我們需要反思傳統(tǒng)落后的出租車管理形式，而不是把它束縛在一個新興產(chǎn)業(yè)上，把他們變成傳統(tǒng)的出租車。這不公平?！? 在大眾點評上，滴滴快的也表達了它的期望：中央政府應給地方政府更多自由空間來探索自己的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)打車服務管理模式，引用上海作為一個實用開放的例子?！拔覀兿Ｍ@一修正后的法規(guī)能促進中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展勢頭?！彼f。

Apparent support

明確的支持

According to the Ministry of Transport, however, more people - 440 commenters - are in favor of private cars registering as taxis than those who aren’t, who sent in a total of 379 comments, according to People’s Daily Online. Another 27 comments said the category of "online booked cars" should be created, and these cars should be given more than 8 years on the road.

據(jù)人民日報在線報道，交通運輸部統(tǒng)計，然而，贊成私家車登記為出租車的評論家比反對的多出440位，他們總共發(fā)送了379條評論。另外27條評論認為，應該創(chuàng)造“在線預訂汽車”種類，這些汽車應該給予8年以上的壽命。

As to whether drivers should obtain qualifications, 126 commenters are in favor as opposed to 66 commenters who think it’s not necessary.The Ministry of Transport says it will revise the current draft based on these comments.

至于司機是否應該取得資格證，126人贊成，66人反對。反對者認為這是沒有必要的。交通運輸部表示，將根據(jù)這些評論修訂現(xiàn)行的草案。

Wang Limei, vice chairman of the China Road Transport Association, said the new regulations are merely following what the entire road transport industry needs to comply with, that is, that cars, drivers and service operators should all meet certain qualifications. "The main purpose of the draft is public safety, and regulating qualifications will help boost that," she told Caixin Weekly.

王麗梅，中國道路運輸協(xié)會的副主席，她告訴財新周刊，新的法規(guī)幾乎遵循整個道路運輸行業(yè)需要遵守的條款，也就是說，汽車，司機和服務人員都應該滿足一定的條件?！痹摬莅傅闹饕康氖潜Ｕ瞎舶踩?，規(guī)范資格證將有助于推動其正常運行?！?span id="j88pijt" class="style43">
來源:環(huán)球時報

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