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    常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)英文術(shù)語

    From:青島希尼爾翻譯公司 http://theheretical.com

    常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)英文術(shù)語
      diseases 疾病
      acute diseases 急性病
      advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病
      chronic diseases慢性病
      communicable diseases 傳染病
      complicating diseases 并發(fā)病
      congenital diseases 先天性疾病
      acquired diseases 后天性疾病
      contagious diseases接觸性傳染病
      endemic diseases 地方病
      epidemic diseases 流行病
      functional diseases 機能病、官能病
      infectious diseases 傳染病
      inherited diseases 遺傳病
      malignant diseases惡性病
      nutritional diseases 營養(yǎng)病
      occupation diseases 職業(yè)病
      organic diseases 器質(zhì)性病
      paroxysmal diseases 陣發(fā)性病
      periodical diseases 周期病
      primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)(主導(dǎo))病
      secondary diseases 繼發(fā)病
      sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病
      terminal diseases 絕癥
      wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴
      clinical manifestation 臨床表現(xiàn)
      delivery history 分娩史
      etiology病因?qū)W
      family history 家族史
      history, medical history 病史
      precipitating(induced)誘因
      marital status婚姻狀況
      menstrual history 月經(jīng)史
      menarche 初潮
      menopause閉經(jīng)
      past history既往史
      pathogenesis 發(fā)病機制
      personal history 個人史symptoms 癥狀
      cardinal symptom 主要癥狀
      classical symptom 典型癥狀
      concomitant symptom 伴發(fā)癥狀
      constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀
      indirect symptom 間接癥狀
      induced symptom 誘發(fā)癥狀
      local symptom 局部癥狀
      mental symptom精神癥狀
       symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥,癥候群
      signs體征
      antecedent 前驅(qū)征
      assident (accessory) 副征
      commemorative 后遺癥
      sign of death 死征
      diagnostic診斷征
      sign of disease 病征
      subjective 自覺征,主觀征
      vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征
      body length (height of the body) 身高
      body weight 體重
      barrel chest 桶狀胸
      cachexia 惡病質(zhì)
      compulsive position 被動體位
      critical facies 病危面容
      emaciation 消瘦
      enophthalmos 眼球下陷
      entropion 瞼內(nèi)翻
      exophthalmos 眼球突出
      flushed face 面色潮紅
      gain (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重
      lock-jaw 牙關(guān)緊閉
      lordosis 脊柱前凸
      nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動
      nystagmus 眼震
      obesity 肥胖
      pallor 蒼白
      scolisis 脊柱側(cè)凸
      agitation 焦急不安
      debility, weakness 虛弱
      diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗
      dizziness, vertigo 眩暈
      lassitude, fatigue 無力,倦怠
      malaise 不適
      night sweat 盜汗
      numbness 麻木
      rigor, chill 寒冷,發(fā)冷
      perspiration, sweating 出汗
      pruritus, itching 癢,
      somasthenia 軀體無力
      tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫
      acidosis 酸中毒
      adhesion 粘連
      alkalosis 堿中毒
      allergy 過敏
      coagulation defect 凝血不良
      congestion 充血
      dehydration 脫水
      distention 膨脹
      edema 水腫
      embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成
      fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質(zhì)紊亂
      gangrene 壞疽
      hematoma 血腫
      hemorrhage, bleeding 出血
      infarction 梗塞,梗死
      infection 傳染
      inflammation 炎癥
      ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒
      metastasis 轉(zhuǎn)移
      perforation 穿孔
      necrosis 壞死
      shock 休克
      response 反應(yīng),應(yīng)答
      reaction 反應(yīng),感應(yīng)
      thrombosis 血栓形成
      ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發(fā)燒,發(fā)熱
      continuous fever 稽留熱
      intermittent fever 間歇熱
      low-grade fever 低熱
      remittent fever 馳張熱
      relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛
      burning pain 灼痛
      chest(flank,…) pain 胸(脅腹…)痛
      cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛
      dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛
      pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛
      radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 絞痛
      cardiac angina 心絞痛
      backache 背痛
      colic 絞痛,急腹痛
      earache 耳痛
      headache 頭痛
      neuralgia 神經(jīng)痛
      migraine 偏頭痛
      rebound tenderness 反跳痛
      somatalgia 軀體痛
      sore throat 咽喉痛
      stomachache 胃痛
      toothache 牙痛
      bloody sputum 帶血的痰
      cough 咳嗽
      dry cough 干咳
      expectoration 咳痰
      expectoration of blood 咳血
      hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧
      apnea 呼吸暫停,窒息
      asthma 氣喘,哮喘
      cheyne stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸
      dyspnea 呼吸困難
      hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸,換氣過度
      hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸淺表
      hypoxia 低氧,缺氧
      orthopnea 端坐呼吸
      respiratory arrest 呼吸停止
      suffocation 窒息
      tachypnea 呼吸急促
      fetid breath 口臭
      fruity brea th 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齊
      atelectasis 肺不張,肺膨脹不全
      cardiac arrest 心搏驟停
      cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大
      cyanosis 發(fā)紺,青紫
      distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張
      extrasystole 期外收縮
      gallop rhythm 奔馬律
      hemopleura 血胸
      hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流
      hypovolemia (循環(huán))血容量減少
      palpitation 心悸
      tachycardia 心動過速
      pneumothorax 氣胸
      thrill 震顫
      absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失
      dull sound 濁音
      hyperresonant 鼓音
      rale 啰音
      rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音
      wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厭食
      dysphagia 吞咽困難
      eructation 噯氣
      belching 噯氣
      flatulence 氣脹
      flatus 腸胃氣,屁
      gaseous distention 胃脹氣
      hematemesis 嘔血
      hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆
      nausea 惡心
      pyrosis 胃灼熱
      regurgitation 反胃,回流
      thirsty 口渴
      vomiting 嘔吐
      anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂
      ascites 腹水
      board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹
      decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱
      exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張
      fistula 瘺,瘺管
      hemorrhoid 痔
      hernia 疝
      hepatomegaly 肝腫大
      intussusception 腸套疊
      jaundice 黃疸
      muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛(wèi)
      peristalsis 蠕動
      loss of peristalsis 蠕動消失
      mass peristalsis 總?cè)鋭?br>   retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕動
      prolapse 脫垂
      prolapse of anus 脫肛
      rectal prolapse 直腸脫垂,脫肛
      volvulus 腸扭轉(zhuǎn)calculus 結(jié)石, 石
      biliary calculus 膽結(jié)石
      vesical calculus 膀胱結(jié)石constipation 便秘
      defecation 排便
      diarrhea 腹瀉
      incontinence of feces 大便失禁
      hematochezia 便血
      fecal impaction 大便嵌塞
      occult blood 潛血
      painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動
      clay colored stools 陶土色便
      dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物
      fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞,吐糞
      foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便,脂肪痢
      scanty and hard stools 便少而硬
      tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria 無尿
      burning sensation no urination 排尿時的灼燒感
      dysurea 排尿困難,尿痛
      enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿
      frequency of urination 尿頻
      micturation 排尿
      uresis, urination, voiding 排尿
      nocturia 夜尿
      oliguria 少尿
      polyuria 多尿
      tenesmus 里急后重
      vesical tenesmus 排尿時里急后重
      uremia coma 尿毒癥昏迷
      urgency of urination 尿急
      urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿
      chyluria 乳糜尿
      cylindruia 管型尿
      glycosuria 糖尿
      hematuria 血尿
      ketonuria 酮尿
      pneumatinuria 氣尿
      proteinuria 蛋白尿
      pyuria 膿尿amenorrhea 經(jīng)閉,無月經(jīng)
      dysmenorrhea 痛經(jīng)
      menorrhagia 月經(jīng)過多
      lochia 惡露
      menorrhea 行經(jīng),月經(jīng)過多
      menstruation 月經(jīng)
      uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch 斑點
      bruise 挫傷,青腫
      acne 痤瘡,粉刺
      desquamation 脫皮,脫屑
      ecchymosis 瘀斑
      loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈
      nevus 痣
      papule 丘疹
      petechia 瘀點,瘀斑
      pigmentation 色素沉著
      pustule 膿皰
      purpura 紫癲
      red nodule 紅結(jié)節(jié)
      roseola 玫瑰疹
      scar 傷疤
      senile plaque 老人斑
      spider anaioma 蛛形痣
      subcutaneous nodule 皮下結(jié)節(jié)
      urticaria 蕁麻疹
      vesicle 小水皰
      vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明
      blurred vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊
      impaired vision 視力下降
      lacrimation 流淚
      papilledema 視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫
      photophobia 畏光,羞明
      retinal detachment 視網(wǎng)膜脫離deafness 聾
      hearing loss 聽力喪失
      tinnitus 耳鳴
      epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血
      impaired smelling 嗅覺障礙
      nasal discharge 鼻涕
      nasal obstruction 鼻塞
      sneeze 噴嚏
      snore 打鼾
      aphonia, loss of voice 失音癥
      hoarseness 嘶啞
      gum bleeding 齒齦出血
      herpes labialis 唇皰疹,感冒瘡
      koplik's spots 科普利克斑
      lead line of the gum 齦鉛線
      salivation, drooling 流口水
      straw-berry tongue 草莓舌
      tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮
      contracture 攣縮
      deformity 畸形,變形
      dislocation 脫位
      fracture 骨折
      closed (simple)fracture 無創(chuàng)骨折,單純性骨折
      comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折
      compound fracture 哆開(開放性)骨折
      knock-knee 膝外翻
      opisthotonos 角弓反張
      prosthesis 假體
      spasm 痙攣
      tetany (?。娭保肿愠檗?br>   wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語
      ataxia 共濟失調(diào)
      coma 昏迷
      consciousness 知覺,意識
      convulsion 抽搐,驚厥
      delirium 譫妄
      delusion 妄想
      faint 昏厥
      hallucination 幻覺
      hemiplegia 偏癱
      increased intracranial pressure 顱內(nèi)壓增高
      insanity 精神錯亂
      loss of orientation 定向喪失
      mania 躁狂
      memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損,遺忘癥
      paraplegia 截癱,下身麻痹
      projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐
      somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡,嗜睡
      stupor 木僵,昏呆
      tetraplegia 四肢癱瘓
      unconsciousness 失去知覺
      yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象
      cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis
      腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象
      failure 衰竭,故障
      central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure
      中樞(循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis診斷
      auscultation 聽診
      inspection 視診
      palpation觸診
      percussion 叩診
      laboratory examination 實驗室檢查
      physical examination 體格檢查
      rectal (vaginal) touch 直腸(陰道)指診
      impression 印象
      tentative diagnosis 暫定診斷
      differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷
      final diagnosis 最后診斷
      prognosis 預(yù)后
      prescription 處方
      incubation (latent) period 潛伏期
      prodromal stage 前驅(qū)期
      incipient stage 初期
      quiescent stage 靜止期
      alleviation 減輕,緩和
      remission 緩解
      attack 發(fā)作
      convalescence (recovery) stage 恢復(fù)期
      rehabilitation 康復(fù)
      relapse 復(fù)發(fā)
      sudden death 猝死
      moribund 瀕死的
      course of the disease 病程
      course of the treatment 療程
      indication 適應(yīng)癥,指征
      complication 并發(fā)癥
      contraindication 禁忌癥
      side-effect 副作用
      sequel (sequela), after effect 后遺癥
      therapies 治療方法
      acupuncture therapy 針刺療法
      block therapy 封閉療法
      chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化學(xué)療法
      combined therapy 綜合療法
      conservative therapy 保守療法
      constitutional therapy 全身療法
      dietetic therapy 飲食療法
      operative treatment 手術(shù)療法
      palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息療法
      physical therapy 物理療法
      psychotherapy 精神療法
      radical treatment 根治
      radio-therapy 放射性療法
      supporting treatment 支持療法
      symptomatic treatment對癥療法
      cardiac massage 心臟按摩
      cardiac pacing 心臟起博
      electrotherapy 電療法
      electroshock treatment 電休克療法
      hemodialysis 血液透析
      hyperbaric therapy 高壓氧療法
      insulin-shock treatment 胰島素休克療法
      light therapy 光療法
      therapeutic gymnastics 醫(yī)療體育


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